ABC-X Model
Smith, S. R., & Hamon, R. R. (2012). Exploring family theories and dynamics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 77.
Stressor Events (A)
Recognize the stressor event itself is neither positive or negative, because events or situations are neutral before we interpret them.
Family Resources (B)
The family must figure out how to deal with the event or situation. One way is by assessing resources - what can be done to solve the problem?
Definition of the situation (C)
What individuals think about or how they interpret the stressor is as important as accessing resources when determining how a family will react to a crisis. Research about coping with a stressful event. Think of this component as being broken down into manageable tasks.
Stress and Crisis (X)
A crisis is reached when the family is no longer able to maintain its usual balance because of the stressor event. It’s important to realize that not all stressors lead to crisis. Just because a family faces crisis does not mean the family will be broken apart as a result of it.
Families often function better and are more cohesive after a crisis than they were before. Different couples adjust in various ways but this model is good at depicting a healthy way to do it. This is used in family development to describe the process by which families survive and endure over the lifespan.
This model above illustrates a family that recovers from stressors event and returns to their previous level of functioning. Families that can analyze each situation they are faced are more likely to cope and make it through the stressful times together, not apart.
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